Difference between revisions of "Bonder"
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| + | Parts: | ||
| + | *[[Bonder wire]] | ||
| + | *[[Bonder capillary]] | ||
| + | *[[Bonder wedge]] | ||
| + | *[[Bonder package]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Misc: | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Bonding ball]] | ||
| + | *[[Bonding rebond]] | ||
| + | *See also: [https://siliconpr0n.org/wiki/doku.php?id=bonding:removal Bonding removal] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Vendors | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Bonder vendor]] | ||
| + | ** Practical information on sourcing carriers, repairs, etc | ||
| + | * [[Anza Technology, Inc.]] | ||
| + | * [[Kulicke & Soffa Industries, Inc.]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Introduction=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Wire bonding is an umbrella term for several different processes which attach wires from the bond pads of an IC die to the package leadframe. | ||
| + | |||
| + | During reverse engineering activities, it is often necessary to [[bonding:removal|remove unwanted bonds]] and/or [[bonding:rebond|re-bond depackaged devices]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Processes=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Several different bonding processes are in common use. These are: | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[bonding:ball|Thermosonic ball bonding]] | ||
| + | *[[bonding:wedge|Thermosonic wedge bonding]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Bond wire materials=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[wire|Wire main page]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Wedge bonds are typically gold or aluminum. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Ball bonds were almost always made of gold until fairly recently, but c. 2010 increases in the price of gold caused many companies to begin exploring copper wire bonding due to its lower cost (and electrical resistance). Copper is much more reactive than gold, however, so the process is somewhat more complex since the ball must be formed inside an inert or reducing atmosphere. Typically forming gas (90% N2 / 10% H2) is released from a nozzle near the tip of the capillary and held in place by a cup-shaped shield while the arc is struck. | ||
| + | |||
| + | As a result, copper ball bonders can be used with gold wire (by turning off the supply of shielding gas) but copper wire cannot be used with a bonder originally designed for gold unless a gas shield system is retrofit. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Wedge bond=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:bond_wedge_bond.jpg|300 px]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Ball bond=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:zoidberg_ball_bond_02_neo20x_cropped.jpg|300 px]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:smithsonian_ball_bond.jpg|300 px]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Above: source: SI report | ||
| + | ===Leadframe bond=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:mcmaster_bonding_leadframe_bond.jpg|300 px]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Above: a low power device with direct leadframe bonding | ||
| + | |||
| + | IIRC sometimes used on memory devices | ||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | http://extra.ivf.se/ngl/documents/ChapterA/ChapterA2.pdf | ||
| + | |||
| + | Threading a wedge bonder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Jn6EWNiFlI | ||
Latest revision as of 07:01, 6 December 2022
Parts:
Misc:
- Bonding ball
- Bonding rebond
- See also: Bonding removal
Vendors
- Bonder vendor
- Practical information on sourcing carriers, repairs, etc
- Anza Technology, Inc.
- Kulicke & Soffa Industries, Inc.
Contents
Introduction
Wire bonding is an umbrella term for several different processes which attach wires from the bond pads of an IC die to the package leadframe.
During reverse engineering activities, it is often necessary to remove unwanted bonds and/or re-bond depackaged devices.
Processes
Several different bonding processes are in common use. These are:
Bond wire materials
Wedge bonds are typically gold or aluminum.
Ball bonds were almost always made of gold until fairly recently, but c. 2010 increases in the price of gold caused many companies to begin exploring copper wire bonding due to its lower cost (and electrical resistance). Copper is much more reactive than gold, however, so the process is somewhat more complex since the ball must be formed inside an inert or reducing atmosphere. Typically forming gas (90% N2 / 10% H2) is released from a nozzle near the tip of the capillary and held in place by a cup-shaped shield while the arc is struck.
As a result, copper ball bonders can be used with gold wire (by turning off the supply of shielding gas) but copper wire cannot be used with a bonder originally designed for gold unless a gas shield system is retrofit.
Wedge bond
Ball bond
Above: source: SI report
Leadframe bond
Above: a low power device with direct leadframe bonding
IIRC sometimes used on memory devices
References
http://extra.ivf.se/ngl/documents/ChapterA/ChapterA2.pdf
Threading a wedge bonder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Jn6EWNiFlI
