Aspex PSEM

A survey indicated the following models exist:

• PSEM 75
• PSEM II
• PSEM 2000
• ASPEX 3020
• ASPEX 3025
• JEMM

Operation

2018-04-24 notes

• Summary: generally seems to work, reliability issues possibly software related
• Booting
  • Embedded controller ethernet must have system (ie my laptop) at other end at boot
  • Embedded controller stage connection must be attached at boot
  • Cannot be activated without restarting system
  • GUI will complain and then segfault, but otherwise seems operational
• GUI
  • Sometimes signal disappears and can be made to come back by switching signal views around (ie left pane vs right pane)
  • Sometimes GUI becomes completely unresponsive and has to be rebooted. But seems to only happen when changing settings, ie not during imaging cycles
• Pressure
  • Around 2E-5 typical pressure after pumping down
• BSE not working
  • Wiggling power cable RJ-11 causes noise on screen
  • Removing signal BNC results in blank screen
  • Next
  • Check power supply
  • Scope on BNC
• EDS still not tested
• Adjusting XY centering helped bring up beam energy
• Current was something like 25 uA...think target is 75 uA => probably need to adjust something
• Was able to select different acceleration voltages
• Focusing
  • Set image to 256x256
  • Set scan speed relatively high
  • Adjust slider until in focus
  • Increase resolution if need to get finer focus
  • Didn't try using auto-focus this time
  • Degaussing may bring out of focus
  • Changing accelerating voltage brought out of focus slightly maybe
  • Higher acceleration voltages are fuzzier (makes sense => deeper penetration => more scattering)

Open questions / TODO:

• Manual describes filament volts, but GUI shows %. What is the mapping?
• Why can't I get an image in suggested filament range? Needs replacement?
  • Note: replacements on order
• Replace filament?
  • IIRC over 200 hours logged in GUI
  • "filaments, which typically last between 50 and 250 hours"
• Do I need to replace column liner? Can I get them?
• BSE detectors works?
• EDS works?
• What does bias actually do? Bias on Whenelt to extract electrons?
• Why didn't newer software work? Retry it
• Source imaging mode?
• Gun assembly is slightly crooked (seal?). Replace seal? What caused this?
• Dump engine HDD
  • Without removing it?

Notes primarily from McMaster unit. Might add some info from mne

• "FL DEPT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT"

20 kV

RJ Lee => Aspex => FEI

• Quickstart manual 4.0 Oct 1997: RJ Lee Instruments Ltd.

[1]

• "I just called RJLee, and discovered he has sold the business and there are no more new PSEM's being sold."
  • Maybe during a short while? Aspex continued sales
• "R J Lee's SEM group was spun off as Aspex in 1995"

"By default, we use 10.133.67.1 for the engine and 10.133.67.2 for the console...The IP address of the engine is configured in the file C:\PSEM\WATTCP.CFG"

• "These addresses conform to the communications protocol standard RFC-1918 for non-routed IP addresses"
• No they don't...

Calibration: "Geller multi-resolution mag standard"

• geller magnification standard
• [2]

"On discrete high voltage power supplies, the bias is adjusted via a physical knob on the back of the power supply. On continuous high voltage power supplies, the bias is adjusted by a software knob accessed via the Advanced button on this panel."

"he engine will issue a couple higher-pitched beeps within the first 10-15 seconds, then after about a minute a single low-pitch (256 Hz) 1⁄2-second beep will indicate that the engine has started successfully"

Parts

Image	Vendor	Model	Type	Notes
	Pfeiffer		Gauge	1.033279656
	Edwards	EN11354967	Pump, turbo
	Edwards	EXC100L, D39622000	Pump, turbo controller
			Pump, roughing
			EDS, sensor

Vacuum

Pfeiffer Vacuum, D-35614 Asslar Typ: PKR 251 (2010/09) No: PTR26000 F-No: 44369203 15...30VDC, 2W

"You will note that there is a n indicator light labeled "PUMP" on the front drawer of the computer drawer which will initially flash. This flashing indicates that the turbo pump is being accelerated to its maximum speed. The turbo should normally reach its maximum speed in 2-3 minutes and this light will then illuminate steadily. Once the pump light is a solid green, no longer flashing, the system is ready to use."

"Increase the filament knob until you see the value for EMISSION begin to rise. This will typically occur around DRIVE setting of 5-8 volts. At this time you will also see some indicates of an image on the image screen."

"Increase FILAMENT until somewhat past the point at which the image brightness no longer appears to increase."

"Under normal circumstances, the amount of stigmation correction should be rather modest (typically less than 0 mA correction current). If large correction values are required, it may be an indication that the column liner tube is contaminated and needs to be replaced"

"The electron source on the PERSONAL SEM users a unique emitter cartridge construction (US Patent 5,376,792) that incorporates a filament and control grid in a single low-cost, pre-cleaned and pre-aligned assembly."

Front

Back

Aspex Instruments P/N 40P 03954 S/N 03954:10004

PC

XY stage

Aspex PSEM XY Stage

Where does this go?

Filament

Cambridge 12 mm diameter, 1 mm pin diameter

(09:14:44 AM) mne: I think I ordered them from a german supplier, but they are easy to find in the US as well (09:15:43 AM) mne: They are cambridge filaments (09:16:12 AM) mne: Should be those: [3] (09:16:56 AM) mne: 12mm disc diameter, 1mm pin diameter

Vendor	Item #	Description	Price/pack	Qty/pack	Qty/each	Notes
Ted Pella	1403
Electron Microscopy Sciences
Electron Microscopy Sciences
SPI Supplies
SPI Supplies
EB Sciences
EB Sciences
Fisher Scientific
Soquelec
Soquelec
ME Taylor

Computer: engine

Starting MS-DOS...


HIMEM is testing extended memory...done.

MICROSOFT Expanded Memory Manager 386 Version 4.49 Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1986, 1994

EM386 successfully installed.

Expanded memory services unavailible.

Total upper memory availible . . . . . . 82 KB Largest Upper Memory Block availible . . 59 KB Upper memory starting address . . . . . . C900 H

EM386 Active.

Lut1 is initialized Lut2 is initialized

DB2 COFF Loader 2.00C - IBM-PC [ Loading: c:\db3\writit.out ]

DB2 COFF Loader 2.00C - IBM-PC [ Loading: c:\db3\wrto.out ]

DB2 COFF Loader 2.00C - IBM-PC [ Loadering: c:db3\scanit.out ] SysTest.exe - PSEM II/2000 hardware validation utility - Mar 15 2001 Copyright 1998-2000 Aspex LLC 'SysTest -?' for help.

Power Supplies Nominal +15 V power supply = 14.0058 V Nominal -15 V power supply = 13.107 V Scan center found at (2049,2044) DVSA offset (1022,1019) Unable to find power line sync signal. DXPInit.exe v. 1.00b - Copyright (C) 2000 Aspex LLC 3Com EtherLink PCI Bus Master Packet Driver v5.2.6 (C) Copyright 1999 3Com Corp. All rights reserved.

Attempting to auto detect media.......

Initial boot:

Personal SEM Embedded Engine v1.38(A) Oct 2 2003 12:02:26 Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Aspex, LLC Up time 0:00:00 Core 205

>

BSED level=0 PCI 4pi board not found PCI 4pi board not found EDS firmware loaded.

Noral electronics configured. Message sent to 12000005 not handled [10004] Message sent to 12000003 not handled [10004] [Error] 12000002(Vacuum Gauge) - No Supply 12000002(Vacuum Gauge) - [Error] No Supply

The errors cleared on subsequent boots. Unclear if they cleared on their own or because I was messing with cables

Disk image

I have two disk images:

1. My SEM, with EDS support
2. A friends SEM, does not have EDS

Disk psem_hdd_eds.bin: 7 GiB, 7510164480 bytes, 14668290 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type psem_hdd_eds.bin1 * 63 4192964 4192902 2G 6 FAT16 psem_hdd_eds.bin2 4192965 14651279 10458315 5G 5 Extended psem_hdd_eds.bin5 4193028 8385929 4192902 2G 6 FAT16 psem_hdd_eds.bin6 8385993 12578894 4192902 2G 6 FAT16 psem_hdd_eds.bin7 12578958 14651279 2072322 1011.9M 6 FAT16

For kicks I tried booting a disk image in QEMU. It got stuck right after "EM386 active"

mounting:

mkdir 1 5 6 7 sudo mount -o loop,,offset=$((512 * 63)) psem_hdd_eds.bin 1 sudo mount -o loop,ro,offset=$((512 * 4193028)) psem_hdd_eds.bin 5 sudo mount -o loop,ro,offset=$((512 * 8385993)) psem_hdd_eds.bin 6 sudo mount -o loop,ro,offset=$((512 * 12578958)) psem_hdd_eds.bin 7

Only 1 has real data on it:

/dev/loop0 2.0G 18M 2.0G 1% /home/mcmaster/buffer/ic/sem_hdd/1 /dev/loop1 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /home/mcmaster/buffer/ic/sem_hdd/6 /dev/loop2 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /home/mcmaster/buffer/ic/sem_hdd/5 /dev/loop3 1012M 0 1012M 0% /home/mcmaster/buffer/ic/sem_hdd/7

Poked around, various things of potential use.

DXPInit.exe v. 1.00b - Copyright (C) 2000 Aspex LLC c:\psem\engine.ini EDSDetector Syntax: DXPInit [1|2|3|4] [d[isc]] [n[odisc]] [v[erbose]] [h[elp]] where 1,2,3,4 is the COM port (default=3) and 'disc' forces a discriminator calibration. 'nodisc' forces no discriminator calibration. Initializes and calibrates the Gresham digital pulse processor using configuration data from 'c:\psem\engine.ini'. ENGINE.INI file items: DXPProcessTime=(int)1-7 for 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, 25.6, 51.2, 102.4 us DXPFineGain=(int)2000 sets the energy/channel scale DXPDisc[0-3]=(double)0.0..5.0 - auto calibrated with 'disc' option DXPZeroStrobe=(int)1 - for on - (int) 0 for off EDSDetector=(int)3 - for a DXP pulse processor

ENGINE.INI: DSVAAddr=(int)800 CBAddr=(int)768 DB3Addr=(int)53248 EDSMemAddr=(int)54272 EDSAddr=(int)704 DACAddr=(int)640 GainVal=(int)0 XOffCal=(int)1022 YOffCal=(int)1019 XCenterCal=(int)2049 YCenterCal=(int)2045 Range1=(float)9.86 Range2=(float)99.44 Range3=(float)994.95 LineDel[0]=(int)0 ... (some larger calibration tables) ShfCorr[7][3]=(int)4 HVSupplyType=(int)1 VacuumGauge=(int)1 EDSDetector=(int)1 BSEDOption=(int)2 VacuumOption=(int)0 Bias=(int)0 FilamentCycles=(int)64 FilamentTime=(int)5821 UseStageLimits=(int)0 XUpperLimit=(float)999.90002 XLowerLimit=(float)-999.90002 YUpperLimit=(float)999.90002 YLowerLimit=(float)-999.90002 OrthogonalCorrection=(int)4 CO_XMin=(float)0.017403 CO_Ko=(float)4.549e-07 MagConstant=(float)18429 LoggingEnable=(int)0 ImageRotA=(float)11000 ImageRotB=(float)180

Computer: GUI

Using a T61p w/ WinXP

"When the middle mouse button is depressed at the same time as either the right or left mouse buttons, the increase or decrease is accelerated. Alternatively, if you hold down the ALT key, and then press the right or left mouse button, the increase or decrease is accelerated"

"CTRL RIGHT CLICK on any knob to open a dialog box that enables the user to change knob properties."

"Sticky Buttons Enable this control through a context-sensitive menu using CTRL RIGHT CLICK while the mouse pointer is over either the focus or stigmator grid."

"The optimal filament current is located just after the ‘knee’ of the curve and is typically about 75 to 80% of maximum filament current."

"The range of settings for the Filament Drive is 0 to 100%, with a typical operational setting of about 75%."

"Emission current is a measure of the number of electrons emitted by the filament. It is not a measure of the number of electrons that strike the sample"

"Typical emission currents are between 20 and 100 μA with the optimal about 50 μA"

"The bias voltage is the potential between the wehnelt and filament that shapes the electric field near the filament and modifies the shape of the emitted beam."

"The procedure for optimizing the bias is described in Section 6 (Procedures) of this manual."

"filaments, which typically last between 50 and 250 hour"

"Some operators have observed that the emission current is usually less stable during the first and last few hours of filament life."

"For more information, refer to Gun Coil Alignment Procedure in Section 6 (Procedures) of this manual."

"vacuum pressure must be better than 2 × 10 -4 torr to enable the beam high voltage."

Reference GUI shows QuadBSED but IIRC mine is just BSED. Photo shows its a QuadBSED. Is this relevant or just a GUI wording update?

• Later section lists them as two separate detectors. SW misconfigured?
• pg 46 shows both tabs there

"AutoVideo tries to optimize the brightness and contrast so that the weakest signal corresponds to a near-black pixel, and the strongest signal corresponds to a near-white pixel"

"The Cage check enables and disables the voltage that accelerates electrons from the sample into the SE detector. The Scintillator check enables and disables a bias across the crystal that measures the secondary electrons."

"The Aspex with Perception provides a range of magnification from approximately 10× to 100,000×. The exact limits depend upon the working distance."

"‘Best’ is defined as the magnification that enables the optimal range of high quality images when using the Zoom Box."

Spot: "The crossover of the condenser lens is represented by a value of 100%, and a typical working range is between 10 and 35%."

"he distance between the pole piece of the objective lens and the convergence point is called the working distance, and is displayed below the focus slider"

"Short working distances (less than 10 mm) produce the best high-resolution images"

"For EDS work, working distances in the 13-20 mm range will produce the largest number of x-rays"

"The most common reason that the AutoFocus function fails to find a good focus is too little structure and contrast in the image."

"Preferences: Vacuum Threshold On systems with a vacuum gauge, the interlock is a function of both the turbo-pump speed and the vacuum threshold. Enter the minimum pressure required to enable high voltage in this edit box."

"Table 4.3. Proprietary TIFF tags for spectral data (registered by Aspex, LLC)."

Tag name Index Data type Content Spectral data 33618 Word or DWord Array of x-ray event counts X-resolution 33619 ASCII Energy units per channel X-offset 33620 ASCII Zero offset for the energy axis Y-resolution 33621 ASCII Vertical axis units Y-offset 33622 ASCII Zero offset for the vertical axis

"A typical pulse processor takes ~50 μs to digitize each x-ray."

"Both detectors record 2,048 channels of 10eV per channel"

2018-06-30

Use T5 bit to remove cartridge

Yesterday ordered spare cartridge